GLOSSARY

They are known in scientific circles as Meliponines. In addition to producing honey, they are the main pollinators of 90% of Brazilian trees. In Brazil, there are more than 300 species of stingless bees and some species nest in the ground, however, the vast majority build their nests in cavities in the trunks of living trees. 

It took place during the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen and was signed by the United States, China, Brazil, India and South Africa. The text of the agreement recognizes the need to limit the increase in global temperatures to 2ºC above pre-industrial levels. In addition, it provided for financial aid from developed countries to developing countries in the amount of US$30 billion in the first 3 years, so that they can deal with the impacts of climate change. This aid was to reach US$100 billion by 2020. Under this agreement, developing countries were to submit proposals for projects, actions to mitigate emissions, adaptation and capacity building and technology transfer.    

International treaty adopted in 2015 during the Conference of the Parties (COP21) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The agreement aims to limit the increase in global temperature to below 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the increase to 1,5°C. It establishes voluntary emissions reduction targets for all signatory countries, based on their national realities.

Living organisms or natural derivatives used to sustainably combat pests and diseases. These may include predatory insects, parasitoids, fungi, bacteria, or viruses that specifically attack unwanted organisms, such as caterpillars, aphids, pathogenic fungi, or nematodes. They replace or complement the use of chemical pesticides, promoting ecological balance and reducing environmental impacts.

Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) capable of causing
Diseases in animals.

Events or situations where animals from different origins are concentrated—such as fairs, auctions, or feedlots—increasing the risk of
disease transmission.

It is an agricultural technique for cultivating land where rainfall is low. The term dryland derives from the word "dry" and is a counterpoint to the word "brejeiro" which comes from "brejo". In dryland agriculture, planting occurs on firm soil, unlike wetland agriculture, which is common in Asian countries.

Family farming has different definitions depending on the country in question. In the United States, for example, it is defined as any farm organized as a corporation, partnership or family business, excluding those that are organized as corporations or non-family cooperatives, as well as those with hired managers. Countries in the European Union follow the definition of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), which understands family farming as any agricultural enterprise that is managed and operated by the family itself, in which at least 50% of the workforce is family members. Both the American and European definitions encompass small to large properties.
In the Brazilian definition, family farming can be defined as that type of agriculture that carries out activities in rural areas, simultaneously meeting the following requirements (defined in legislation):

i) Do not hold, under any title, an area larger than four tax modules;

ii) Predominantly uses the family's own labor force in the economic activities of its establishment or enterprise;

iii) Have a family income predominantly originating from economic activities linked to the establishment or enterprise itself;

iv) Run your establishment or business with your family.